Class Notes

- relates back to first impressions
-if they are very passionate about what they are talking about then you can listen
- if their attitude is positive you feel as though you can trust them
talk to you instead of at you
-Ethos: the character of the person who is doing  the speaking [the way someone dresses and the way that they carry themselves]
-Pathos: the emotion that a speaker brings to a message
logos: how well does the speaker arrange his or her argument
-JFK Speech
 -President of the United State
 - Positive perspective
 many symbols showing that its going to be an important event
 - introduces himself with gratitude
 - Shows that he knows a lot about what is going on with the nation
 - Supports his argument with facts and facts that support those
 - Connects himself with the people that are attending the meeting
 - Gives everyone a time line to show that they are serious about going to the moon and getting the work that they promised done
 - Puts a lot of emotion behind what he is saying to really get the point across that he is committed to doing what is right and what needs to be done
 - Promises/ vows to the nations that they will come first and that they vow to give them freedom, peace, and effort
 - Nothing is going to effect the people and the nation in a harmful way, only in a way that is going to advance the knowledge of the people
 -"We chose to do these things not because they are easy, but because they are hard"
 - Everything was structured and written down
 - Knowledge is key
 - Act of faith and vision
 - Facts are his key argument!
 - Makes jokes to get everyone involved in the speech (unintentionally)
 - Not waisting money but getting a job done instead
 - The people are involved
 - Made a lot of references to God

What do you think?

We always talk about how we want to work on our masterpiece and Preston likes to ask us how we can relate it to literature. Well I went back through everything that I have done in school and I found this presentation that I did last year for my honors English class about existentialist and I felt as though it related back to my masterpiece because it talks about photography and how you can express things with an image. 
Link to presentation:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MjoX8_rKD7sj5hfZCScqiF-Gkcp-eXrYvEka357HWBo/present#slide=id.p

Fallacies in Media/ Commercials

A lot of times we don't even realize we see fallacies in our everyday life.  The most common form of fallacies is the appeal to authority or popularity. Celebrities endorse products all the time that we have really just gotten used to seeing them whenever we see ads for sports outfits and simple things like makeup products. When going through our day to day life we don't really notice things at first but as soon as we see it our subconscious notices and reminds us at later. These are the kinda ways that corp. authority use to keep things in peoples minds when advertising their product.

Student Notes

Ad Hominem fallacy: responding to an argument attacking a person’s character rather than the content of their argument.

Circular Reasoning: Someone argues the point they’re trying to make by supporting it with other reasons that are supported by their original point.

Ad Nauseum: Making the argument by repetition; saying the same thing over and over again.

Appeal to Tradition: “We do this because that’s how we’ve always done it.”

Appeal to Ignorance: Arguing that something is true just because it hasn’t been proven false.

Appeal to Numbers: Citing statistics to prove an argument

Appeal to Popularity: “All the cool kids are doing it.”

Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc: “with this because of this” – just because two things happen together doesn’t mean they’re related or one causes the other.  (e.g., just because a student attends RHS doesn’t mean she has two legs)

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc: just because something happens after something else doesn’t mean the first thing causes the second.

Red Herring: the art of distraction (“SQUIRREL!!!” or “Grumpy Cat!”)

Slippery Slope: Metaphor—taking one step and sliding the rest of the way.  Either giving away the whole argument based on one point, or applying the same standard to everyone without reason: “If I do it for you, I’ll have to do it for everyone else.”  Assuming that if you give one person/point away, you’ll have to give away the whole show.

Straw Man: Putting words into someone’s mouth (and that someone may or may not exist) for the purpose of exaggerating or distorting the opposing viewpoint.

Naturalistic Fallacy: Using nature as a reason to go from fact to value.

You Too: The idea that two wrongs make a right.  “My opponent accuses me of distorting the facts and exaggerating the evidence, but she does too.”

Begging the Question: (this is the same as Circular Reasoning, just make sure to use the phrase correctly rather than suggesting that something is “raising a question.”  Here, the use of the word begging is intended to suggest torturing a topic beyond its logical conclusion.)

Non Sequitur: Something that doesn’t go in sequence; an illogical leap to an unrelated topic or idea.

Appeal to Authority: the fallacy of asserting an idea as correct just because a person/entity in power says it is.

Fallacies

• Tu quoque ("you too"). This is the fallacy of defending an error in one's reasoning by pointing out that one's opponent has made the same error. An error is still an error, regardless of how many people make it. For example, "They accuse us of making unjustified assertions. But they asserted a lot of things, too!" 
• Straw man. This is the fallacy of refuting a caricatured or extreme version of somebody's argument, rather than the actual argument they've made. Often this fallacy involves putting words into somebody's mouth by saying they've made arguments they haven't actually made, in which case the straw man argument is a veiled version of argumentum ad logicam. One example of a straw man argument would be to say, "Mr. Jones thinks that capitalism is good because everybody earns whatever wealth they have, but this is clearly false because many people just inherit their fortunes," when in fact Mr. Jones had not made the "earnings" argument and had instead argued, say, that capitalism gives most people an incentive to work and save. 
• Post hoc ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this). This is the fallacy of assuming that A caused B simply because A happened prior to B. A favorite example: "Most rapists read pornography when they were teenagers; obviously, pornography causes violence toward women." 
• Red herring. This means exactly what you think it means: introducing irrelevant facts or arguments to distract from the question at hand. For example, "The opposition claims that welfare dependency leads to higher crime rates -- but how are poor people supposed to keep a roof over their heads without our help?"
• Slippery slope. A slippery slope argument is not always a fallacy.  A slippery slope fallacy is an argument that says adopting one policy or taking one action will lead to a series of other policies or actions also being taken, without showing a causal connection between the advocated policy and the consequent policies. A popular example of the slippery slope fallacy is, "If we legalize marijuana, the next thing you know we'll legalize heroin, LSD, and crack cocaine." 
• Cum hoc ergo propter hoc (with this, therefore because of this). This is the familiar fallacy of mistaking correlation for causation -- i.e., thinking that because two things occur simultaneously, one must be a cause of the other. A popular example of this fallacy is the argument that "President Clinton has great economic policies; just look at how well the economy is doing while he's in office!"
• Circulus in demonstrando (circular argument). Circular argumentation occurs when someone uses what they are trying to prove as part of the proof of that thing. Here is one of my favorite examples (in pared down form): "Marijuana is illegal in every state in the nation. And we all know that you shouldn't violate the law. Since smoking pot is illegal, you shouldn't smoke pot. And since you shouldn't smoke pot, it is the duty of the government to stop people from smoking it, which is why marijuana is illegal!" Circular arguments appear a lot in debate, but they are not always so easy to spot as the example above.
• Argumentum ad numerum (argument or appeal to numbers). This fallacy is the attempt to prove something by showing how many people think that it's true. But no matter how many people believe something, that doesn't necessarily make it true or right. Example: "At least 70% of all Americans support restrictions on access to abortions." Well, maybe 70% of Americans are wrong! 
• Argumentum ad nauseam (argument to the point of disgust; i.e., by repitition). This is the fallacy of trying to prove something by saying it again and again. But no matter how many times you repeat something, it will not become any more or less true than it was in the first place. 
• Argumentum ad ignorantiam (argument to ignorance). This is the fallacy of assuming something is true simply because it hasn't been proven false. For example, someone might argue that global warming is certainly occurring because nobody has demonstrated conclusively that it is not. But failing to prove the global warming theory false is not the same as proving it true. 
• Argumentum ad hominem (argument directed at the person). This is the error of attacking the character or motives of a person who has stated an idea, rather than the idea itself. The most obvious example of this fallacy is when one debater maligns the character of another debater (e.g, "The members of the opposition are a couple of fascists!"), but this is actually not that common. A more typical manifestation of argumentum ad hominem is attacking a source of information
• Argumentum ad antiquitatem (the argument to antiquity or tradition). This is the familiar argument that some policy, behavior, or practice is right or acceptable because "it's always been done that way." This is an extremely popular fallacy in debate rounds; for example, "Every great civilization in history has provided state subsidies for art and culture!" But that fact does not justify continuing the policy.  
• Argumentum ad populum (argument or appeal to the public). This is the fallacy of trying to prove something by showing that the public agrees with you. 
• Argumentum ad verecundiam (argument or appeal to authority). This fallacy occurs when someone tries to demonstrate the truth of a proposition by citing some person who agrees, even though that person may have no expertise in the given area.  
• Nature, appeal to. This is the fallacy of assuming that whatever is "natural" or consistent with "nature" (somehow defined) is good, or that whatever conflicts with nature is bad.
• Non Sequitur ("It does not follow"). This is the simple fallacy of stating, as a conclusion, something that does not strictly follow from the premises. For example, "Racism is wrong. Therefore, we need affirmative action."
• Petitio principii (begging the question). This is the fallacy of assuming, when trying to prove something, what it is that you are trying prove. For all practical purposes, this fallacy is indistinguishable from circular argumentation. 

Spring Cleaning

- something needs to be done as a class instead of all outside if class work.
- something that is going to bring all if the students together
- comprises?
- a possible class project?
- force people to be social
- have one blog to help students beside the main course blog
- class masterpiece

My Master Piece

1. What is your intended outcome?  Who will benefit besides you?
1. There is so many things that can come out of trying to tell different peoples stories. My main focus really is to show people that writing things isn't the only way you can tell a story. I want to show people that photography is a great way to express feelings and emotions. Many people can benefit from this because it will help them understand that something that is visual can be as strong as something that was written in word.
2. How will present your process, findings, and/or results?  How will your method of presenting create value for your audience/community?
1. I will show this process by putting a performance together. It may not be a slid show that people see every time they give a presentation because students start to get tired of that and they will just blank out and not listen to what I have to say to them. This may include not only showing my blog but by possibly doing a live photo shoot in the room or showing them how the process of everything works. Its not just the thought of the photo that counts, there is a lot of hard work and effort put behind every image that is captured.
3. How much of a plan do you currently have, and how much do you need?  What "next steps" or routines are you currently engaged with, and what do we need to create so that you feel like you're making the sort of progress that will enable you to end your high school career with a smashing success?
1. I need to figure out how I can work with a student to tell their story. I'm not sure on what students to ask because I'm not sure on what kind of stories I want to tell.
4. If you're not already monitoring your own performance, what systems/structures do you need so that you can sustain your momentum and achieve your goals without someone else nagging you?
1. This masterpiece is really something that I really need to keep a calender on. Its more of needing to find people to talk to that are willing to let me take pictures of them and are willing to let me do what I do best.
5. The "Masterpiece Academy" will begin on May 11 (the week after the AP exam).  Please let me know if you need help creating a workflow calendar that will get you where you want to go by then.

New Argument Topics

1. Social Conformity
2. Death Row
3. Abortion
4. Police Brutality
5. Censorship
6. Child Discipline
7. Government Transparency
8. Education
9. Economy
10. Medical Marijuana

Class notes

-Deductively: think through a process
-Inductively: start something and kinda just see where it goes
What was the definition of truth relating to logic?
- Objectively Verifiable
-Counter Claim: when you are thinking about the argument before the person says what they are going to say
- Adhom..:

Argument topics

1: Death Row
2: ISIS
3: Women's pay
4: Social Media (Censorship)
5: Artificial Intelligence
6: Government Transparency
7: Animal Cruelty
8: GMO Regulation
9: The Process of Education
10: The Economy

Stupid Arguments

There are so many arguments that I go through throughout the day. The most stupid one I would have to say though was when my Mom and Dad were trying to get me to stop driving my Jeep and start driving the other car because the Jeep is a stick shift and they think that I am going to mess up and end up getting into a car crash. I have been using the Jeep for the longest time that I am very comfortable with driving stick. In fact I enjoy driving stick more often the I do an automated car. These types of arguments are very point less because who really cars. They bought me the car so shouldn't they want me to drive it and not complain when I want to take it places that have hills or take it out to the beach?

Jiro

I believe that Jiro is a dedicated  person. He is a hard worker and is always striving to do better. Jiro said in his interview "Always look ahead and above yourself". This spoke to me by showing me how much people can care for the work and the effort that they day or put into something. I look at Jiro and I see someone with drive. Someone who will stop at nothing to accomplish what he wants to accomplish. In this generation it seems fewer people are determined and ambitious. Some people in my generation have great ideas and ambition like no other, but there isn't as many as there used to be. We need to try a little more and work a little harder and great things will be the outcome. Jiro has worked very hard to be were he is and with the amount of competition he had coming in around the time this documentary was made. He could be traveling the world, but he's working in his kitchen because that is his passion. It's people like Jiro that show why you should want to be a better version of yourself. "Dedicate your life to mastering your skill." Jiro shows complete and utter focus on his dream. He knows what he wants. He wants to get better and better, doing so by pushing himself to reach his full potential. In most instances once a person reaches the success level Jiro has they stop. I know what I  want to do in my future but that doesn't always mean that its going to happen the way that I want it to happen, Things in this world don't just get handed to you, you have to work and work to get better at what you want to do in you life. When you try and try at things and you fail most people stop. But real success comes out of that one accomplishment through all of the failures. If we want something enough we don't stop until we've obtained it and mastered it.